The statutory duties of regulators of British utilities include both the encouragement of competition and protection of consumers (through price caps). Competition depends on the terms on which new entrants can gain access to the monopolists network. Where the incumbent in the retail market also...

Japanese Colonialism in Taiwan: Land Tenure, Development, and Dependency, 1895-1945. By Chih-ming Ka. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995. Pp.xxi + 226. $54.95. ISBN 0 8133 8922 4 Cuba in the International System: Normalization and Integration. Edited by Archibald R.M. Ritter and John M. Kirk....

The residential UK electricity market was opened for the first time in 1999, introducing choice of supplier, and about 40% of households changed supplier in the first four years. After three years price caps were removed. We review this process and assess the competitiveness of the market by...

As residential energy markets open to competition, consumers can choose from a range of tariffs offered by different suppliers. We examine the relationship between the fixed charge levied on each consumer, and the variable charge per unit of energy used across all these tariffs. Data are the...