This paper examines the idea that the USA has outshined Europe in the race for new medicines as a result of a flight of business R&D expenditure to the USA. It adopts a methodology that accounts for R&D price inflation, considers the role of both ‘performed' R&D and ‘extra-mural' R&D, and...

Lanjouw and Schankerman (2004) proposed that patent quality is a key driver of R&D productivity but did not find supportive evidence for pharmaceuticals. This study revisits this hypothesis using OECD data for the period 1980-2000. It extends the literature in three ways: it develops new R&D...

This paper proposes an asymmetric model within which consumer credit facilitates both consumption smoothing and rational habit modification. The model is applied to US data using a GMM approach. The evidence suggests that new credit can predict short-run changes in consumption and has assisted...

We utilise a new household survey to examine the impact of education and job training on labour income for migrant workers in China. Quantile regression is employed to account for selection bias. The evidence has as follows: (a) the returns to education and work experience are considerable but...

We examine the idea that excess managerial compensation acts as a reference wage in a fair wage-effort model of efficiency wages. We utilise the Australian Business Longitudinal Survey (1995-98) and the BHPS (1990-2002) to estimate the impact of excess managerial pay on labour productivity and...