The importance of new knowledge in innovative activities of firms and the impact of these activities on economic development of regions have been acknowledged in many studies. In particular, universities and firms that are established on university knowledge, spin-off firms, function as nodes...

Contents: Part I Introduction -- 1. Transitions in socio-technical systems and challenges of city leadership / Marina van Geenhuizen, Adam Holbrook and Mozhdeh Taheri -- Part II Assets and networks in cities -- Energy -- 2. Cities and photovoltaic inventions: global leaders over time / Pieter...

Industrial competence is increasingly dispersed across the globe, urging technology-based firms in Europe to establish international knowledge relationships at larger distances. This paper examines changing patterns of international knowledge relationships and the influence of capability factors...

University spin-off firms contribute to bringing knowledge created at university to market. The networks these firms employ with other Triple Helix actors serve as not only getting access to resources but also shaping processes of collective learning in transforming the knowledge most...