This paper shows that the proportion of outside (nonmanagement) directors is related to positive corporate performance only when corporate antitakeover protection is low. We interpret these results as evidence that the threat of termination of the directorship through the risk of a disciplining...

This paper brings together the two important topics of corporate environmental management and corporate governance by exploring the impact of various governance mechanisms on the level of environmental performance that is realized by firms. Specifically, we hypothesize that anti-takeover...