countries grew only mildly, which indicates that the unfavourable structure of exports has been retained. While similarity …-digit growth of exports in most Balkan countries, which ‘forced’ exports based on the existing inappropriate structure and … prevented a change in export structure. Balkan countries would have to attract FDI in export sectors that are capital- or …

, the share of exports in total sales, the number of countries exported to, and the participation in import. The big picture …

This paper investigates the causes of rejections of African exports at the EU border as a barrier in accessing EU … integration into the global trading system. Thus, the barrier created by EU rejection of Africa’s exports can be addressed through … procedure and a lack of technical personnel increase the incidences of rejection at the EU border and add to Africa’s challenges …

exports from big and more productive exporters. …

driver of trade flows outside the euro area as compared to those within the monetary union, especially for exports, that tend … to be more sensitive to relative prices than imports. We consider various measures of competitiveness and conclude that … costs appear to contain relatively more information for trade flows, particularly for exports outside the euro area.The key …

This study examines the marginal effects of traditional determinants of exports and imports with a focus on the role of … harmonised competitiveness indicators (HCIs) on both exports and imports of both goods and services across individual euro area … exceptions) on exports of goods. Exports of services are sensitive to HCIs in big euro area countries and Slovakia, where exports …

and have a disproportionate effect on exports of least developed countries. Giving the poorest countries duty-free access … for peak-tariff products would increase their total annual exports by roughly $2.5 billion.Most goods imported from … their total annual exports by 11 percent - or roughly $2.5 billion. Exports to Quad countries of peak-tariff products would …

Although average OECD tariffs on imports from the least developed countries are very low; tariffs above 15 percent … (peaks) have a disproportional effect on their exports. Products subject to tariff peaks tend to be heavily concentrated in … countries (the so-called Everything But Arms initiative) will result in only a small increase in their exports of tariff peak …