We study the price impact of order flow in the world’s largest soybean meal futures markets. Our intraday results indicate that incoming orders can be used to explain price changes and to significantly predict future price changes. Our results are shown to be robust to various order flow...

This paper studies how volatility affects the risk premium in crude oil futures through a discrete-time term structure model with long-run and short-run GARCH-type volatility components. Estimated using WTI crude oil futures data from January 1990 to July 2016, our model simultaneously matches...

A new measure of hedging pressure in commodity options markets—commercial hedgers’ net short option exposure—predicts option returns and changes in the slope of implied volatility curves. Puts are more expensive, and calls are cheaper, when values of option hedging pressure are greater....

Since the collapse of the Metallgesellschaft AG due to hedging losses in 1993, energy practitioners have been concerned with the ability to hedge long-dated linear and non-linear oil liabilities with short-dated futures and options. This paper identifies a model-free non-parametric approach to...

Growth in the natural gas market is pronounced since the shale gas boom. Natural gas has become increasingly important in international trade, especially after the recent financialization in commodity markets. Motivated by the high volatility and time-varying nature in natural gas futures...

This short essay on financial speculation with agricultural commodities offers (1) a survey of the real economy factors that caused recent hunger crises, (2) an overview of academic research on the impact of index-based financial speculation on agricultural futures markets, and (3) a discussion...

We show that combining momentum and trend following strategies for individual commodity futures can lead to portfolios which offer attractive risk adjusted returns which are superior to simple momentum strategies; when we expose these returns to a wide array of sources of systematic risk we find...

We propose a novel measure of the ex-ante commodity downside-risk premium (CDP) for each commodity based on a term structure model of commodity futures. Our theory-based CDP, capturing forward-looking information in the futures markets, outperforms well-known characteristics in explaining the...

The flow of investment capital into the commodity futures market dramatically increased around 2004, and this event is referred to as the financialization of commodity markets. We study how this phenomenon has affected average returns in this asset class by examining how returns to popular...

Using daily returns on 34 futures contracts over the 2010-2022 period, we examine the factors driving these returns. We show that all commodities can be grouped by their drivers into intuitive groups based on their factorization into 1) food, 2) metals and oil and 3) precious metals. The three...