Colombia negotiated bilateral Trade Agreements (TAs) with the United States and with the MERCOSUR region (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay). Colombian cattle and beef interest groups argue that TAs hurt the local beef supply chain. We employ a partial equilibrium framework to assess the...

Purpose – To study stochastic volatility in the pricing of options. Design/methodology/approach – Random‐coefficient autoregressive and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic models are studied. The option‐pricing formula is viewed as a moment of a truncated normal...

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to introduce a class of FRC (fuzzy random coefficient) volatility models and to study their moment properties. Fuzzy option values and the superiority of fuzzy forecasts over minimum mean‐square forecasts are also discussed in some detail....

Purpose – Financial returns are often modeled as stationary time series with innovations having heteroscedastic conditional variances. This paper seeks to derive the kurtosis of stationary processes with GARCH errors. The problem of hypothesis testing for stationary ARMA( p , q ) processes...