Industrial sector growth in developing countries requires the provision of alternatives to guarantee sustainable development. Improving energy efficiency and fuel switching are two measures to reduce CO2 emissions in the industrial sector, with natural gas and low-carbon electricity as the most...

Introduction of ZEVs (zero emission vehicles) and lightweight materials in a conventional steel-intensive internal combustion engine vehicle fleet will affect energy consumption and automotive material requirements. We developed a bottom-up dynamic accounting model of the light-duty vehicle...

Estimating technological progress of emerging technologies such as renewables and clean coal technologies becomes important for designing low carbon energy systems in future and drawing effective energy policies. Learning curve is an analytical approach for describing the decline rate of cost...

Torrefied biomass represents a high quality renewable energy commodity that can be used to substitute fossil fuels such as coal. However, densification processes such as pelletisation is necessary to improve the tradability of “low-dense” torrefied biomass. In this work, two process pathways...