to the deregulation of its two main products: sugar and ethanol. This growth has been driven more by the ethanol … the same period. Nevertheless, instability in the supply of ethanol is still a problem in the industry. Structural changes … and ethanol and structural changes in projections, made by industry representatives for the years 2015 and 2020, this …

switch between petrol (gasoline) and ethanol, we also account for fuel choice, which increases the cost of the program …

The paper provides an assessment of first generation biofuel (ethanol and biodiesel) development in Thailand in terms … of ethanol to possibly displace between 25%–69% of Thailand’s 2011 gasoline consumption as transportation fuel …

) with ethanol, using sodium hydroxide as catalyst, were studied. The ester preparation involved a two … ethanol to oil (6:1 – 12:1), and the reaction temperature (35 – 90 °C) were studied for the conversion of sunflower oil to … reaction parameters. The optimal conditions for first stage transesterification were an ethanol/oil molar ratio of 12:1, NaOH …

A measurement program designed to evaluate health impacts or benefits of using ethanol blend petrol examined exhaust …% ethanol (E5) or 10% ethanol (E10). The resulting data were combined with inventory data for Sydney to determine the expected … fleet emissions for different uptakes of ethanol blended fuel. Fleet ethanol compatibility was estimated to be 60% for 2006 …

In the present work, an ethanol fed Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine (SOFC-GT) system has been parametrically analyzed … ethanol steam reforming. The hydrogen utilization factor values were kept between 0.7 and 1. The SOFC’s Current …

The use of gas fermentation for the production of low carbon biofuels such as ethanol or butanol from lignocellulosic …

investigated after addition of ethanol, butanol and diethyl ether. The results revealed varying improvement in acid value, density … viscosity reductions at 5% additive were 12%, 7%, 16.5% for ethanol, butanol and diethyl ether, respectively, and the maximum …

diversification and introduction of flex-fuel engines have determined fuel competition among gasoline, ethanol and compressed natural … revolves around ethanol instead of gasoline. While demands for gasoline and natural gas are inelastic to price, demand for … ethanol is elastic in Brazil. Furthermore, after the introduction of the flex-fuel technology the sensitivity of consumers to …