CdTe is considered as a viable absorber material for the thin film solar cell because of its excellent material … more advantageous for CdTe solar cells. …

The paper is concerned with the results of a thorough energy and life cycle assessment (LIA) of CdTe and CIS … impact indicators (with special reference to CdTe systems), in spite of their still comparatively lower efficiencies. …

I–III–VI2 chalcopyrite compound Cu(Inx, Ga1−x)Se2 (CIGS) single crystal were successfully grown by traveling heater … method (THM). The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the CIGS showed preferred orientations of (112), (220) and (312 …) planes, confirming the chalcopyrite structure. In Raman spectra, the A1 mode peaks expected for CIGS were observed, and no …

substrate and the back contact layer in flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) photovoltaic (PV) devices was found to reduce metal ion … diffusion from the substrate and reduce the number of defects at the CIGS absorber layer, as determined from the secondary ion …

. Ecoefficiency contributes to reducing material waste in all processes. Recycling can reduce the diffusion of waste by feeding it …. Recycling and human capital formation use productive factors and are rooted therefore, as all other activities, in the material …

This study reviews several instruments to finance environmentally sound recycling of ships. The main focus is on a levy …