We study the effects on the food market of the introduction of biofuels as a substitute for fossil fuel in the energy market. We consider a world economy with an oil cartel and a competitive fringe of farmers producing energy in the form of biofuels. Farmers also produce food and sell it on the...

Increasing energy demands, predicted fossil fuels shortage in the near future, and environmental concerns such as the production of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide have motivated the search for alternative and cleaner energy sources. Biodiesel has received much attention in recent years and...

Global threats of fuel shortages in the near future and climate change due to green-house gas emissions are posing serious challenges and hence and it is imperative to explore means for sustainable ways of averting the consequences. The dual application of microalgae for phycoremediation and...

The growth of energy demand and limited fossil fuel resources lead to renewable energy development such as vegetable oils and animal fats or their derivatives. In the present work, the valuation of waste fish fat by the pyrolysis technique with the presence of catalyst to produce biofuel for...

With rapid economic development, energy consumption in China has tripled in the past 20years, exceeding 2.8 billion tons of standard coal in 2008. The search for new green energy as substitutes for nonrenewable energy resources has become an urgent task. Biodiesel is one of the most important...

Combustion and emission characteristics of rapeseed plant oil (RSO) and its blends with diesel fuel have been investigated in a multi-cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Plant oils have high viscosities compared to diesel and this affects the performance and durability of automotive diesel...

Recently research interest has focused on the production of biofuel from microalgae. Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that grow utilizing solar energy, nevertheless, the quantities of fertilizers that should be used for their production are enormous. One alternative to the use of...

Photosynthetic microalgae with the potential for high biomass and oil productivities have long been viewed as a promising class of feedstock for biofuels to displace petroleum-based transportation fuels. Algae offer the additional benefits of potentially being produced without using high-value...

This paper considers the use of a non-edible plant, Jatropha curcas (J. curcas), for the production of biofuel as a substitute for traditional fossil fuel. It is shown that the net energy balance and greenhouse gases (GHGs) balance are positive. The investment value in biofuel from J. curcas is...

State and regional policies, such as low carbon fuel standards (LCFSs), increasingly mandate that transportation fuels be examined according to their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We investigate whether such policies benefit from determining fuel carbon intensities (FCIs) locally to account...