Public debate about energy relations between the EU and Russia is distorted. These distortions present considerable … demand. Diverse interests inside the EU prevent the definition of a coherent and respected energy policy. Russia, for its … role of mere energy exporter. In view of the intensifying struggle for global resources, Russia, with its large energy …

accelerate EU moves towards energy diversification away from Russia. However, the economic impact of this on Russia will be … or volume of its energy exports. This truly nuclear sanctions option-that of restricting energy trade between Russia and … the EU -is unlikely given the sizeable negative impact it would have on both sides. Aside from energy, the most painful …

The Russian attack on Ukraine in February 2022 shook continental geopolitics and led to a major shift in EU energy … policy. The necessary speed of the combined diversification away from the Russian energy sources, fossil fuel phase-out and … mass scale-up of low-carbon energy and technologies are having a tremendous impact on European national economies and …

the back of high energy prices. If the EU were to ban imports of energy from Russia, or if Russia itself limits or stops … integration with the EU. For Russia, the economy will lose its access to Western technological transfer, and this cannot be fully … the most severe economic and financial impact will be in Ukraine and Russia. Much of Ukraine is already devastated by the …