Insurers are formally and informally monitored by a variety of stakeholders, including reinsurers, agents, outside board members, and regulators. While other studies have generally examined these stakeholders separately, they have not accounted for the fact that there is some relation among the...

We use data from an employee survey conducted in Russia, Armenia and Kazakhstan to investigate how much of the gender difference in pay in former socialist economies can be explained by personality. We consider a commonly used personality measure, locus of control (LOC), and find that among the...

We use data collected from employees in five transition economies to study whether locus of control and preference for challenge versus affiliation are positively related to worker performance. Participants with more education and who held supervisory positions were more likely to exhibit...

Many empirical studies have found a positive association between economic development and democracy survival across countries; however, establishing a causal link between the two with naturally occurring data is problematic. We address this question in a laboratory experiment with democracy...

We develop a theoretical framework where the chance of any given democratic society maintaining its democratic status is determined by two key factors: economic security and democratic capital. Our model predicts democracy breakdown is more likely (1) the lower the level of democratic capital,...

We consider estimating binary response models on an unbalanced panel, where the outcome of the dependent variable may be missing due to non-random selection, or there is self selection into a treatment. In the present paper, we first consider estimation of sample selection models and treatment...

How do attitudes affect performance? Numerous studies show that individuals who exhibit an internal locus of control perform better than those characterized by an external locus of control. We use survey data collected in two regions in Russia to determine whether these same results hold among...

What is the relative importance of cognitive and non-cognitive traits in accounting for differences in worker performance in former socialist economies? We use survey data collected in 2005 from over 4790 employees in Russia, Armenia and Kazakhstan to construct three different performance...