The energy cost of drilling a natural gas well has never been publicly addressed in terms of the actual fuels and … (EROI) analyses. To develop an understanding of baseline energy requirements for natural gas extraction, we examined …” energy cost of providing gas and provide a minimal estimate of energy cost because of uncertainty about some inputs. Of the …

Declining energy return on investment (EROI) of a society’s available energy sources can lead to both crisis and … opportunity for positive social change. The implications of declining EROI for human wellbeing are complex and open to … possible implications of declining EROI. Two sets of future scenarios based on environmental and economic trends are described …

production. Energy return on investment (EROI) can be useful for this because its methodology is based on outputs and inputs … China has to be derived from economic costs and revenues for oil fields. In this paper we derive a first EROI for China … largest oil field in China. We estimate that its EROI_stnd expressed as heat equivalent was 10:1 in 2001 but has …

This paper is a synthesis of a series of twenty papers on the topic of EROI, or energy return on investment. EROI is …

methods to explore the energy dynamics of the peaking process. All these methods show a downward trend in EROI during the last … decade. Natural gas EROI fell from 38:1 in 1993 to 15:1 at the peak of drilling in 2005. The drilling intensity for natural …

1500 m, and determine the energy return on energy invested (EROI) for this process. By means of the enthalpy method, we … to the applied electrical energy. We obtain EROI values in the range of 4 to 5, depending on the location of the heater …), the effective EROI of the process falls in the range of 4/3 to 5/3. …

continued availability of cheap, high energy return on investment (EROI) oil, however, is increasingly in doubt. If cheap oil is … global peak oil and the declining EROI of whatever oil is produced. Based on these frameworks, the following three defense … whole, to adapt to the stresses derived from the declining EROI of oil will increase during periods of moderate stress, and …

EROI (energy return on investment) of wind turbine technologies have been analysed. The GER of copper in a 2050 100 … role even when the recycling rate is high. The future EROI of wind turbines is approximately 15% less than is currently …

reasonable definitions of other energy production metrics such as EROI (energy return on energy invested). The multiplier is a …

(EROI). Various measures of this index are declining. The EROI for China's oil and natural gas production sector fluctuated … from 12 to 14:1 in the mid-1990s, and declined to 10:1 in 2007–2010. EROI for the coal production sector has declined from … method to predict that the EROI of either sector will continue to decline until 2020. We predict that the average EROIstnd …