Under-employment or informality is a compelling truth in developing countries, and Ecuador is no exception, least of … all the city Guayaquil. This descriptive study attempts to investigate informality, its reality and characteristics, and … influence the non-formalization of its activities. The results support that informality may be seen as an enterprise mechanism …

increase by 4.3% without women's restrictions to entrepreneurship and by 32.1% without restrictions to entry and … entrepreneurship. In addition, the southern states would witness the largest increases. …

calibrate the model to the Brazilian economy to evaluate the impact of removing financial frictions on informality. We find that …

We analyse potential dynamic benefits for a firm from having the option of adopting informal status. Informality may be … parameter values, suggesting a potential dynamic case for government support of informal firms. Informality may alternatively … profitability is disappointing, it can switch to informality. However, this result obtains for a range of parameter values so narrow …

targeting the minority of self-employed with higher growth potential is important, particularly in low-income contexts. The …