The advancement of technology in the biopharmaceutical industry has spearheaded the speed and scale of digitalization in various aspects. New drug development is becoming more complex, costly, and challenging. This paper examines how the pharmaceutical value chain model could integrate with the...

The advancement of technology in the biopharmaceutical industry has spearheaded the speed and scale of digitalization in various aspects. New drug development is becoming more complex, costly, and challenging. This paper examines how the pharmaceutical value chain model could integrate with the...

A HGSHP (hybrid ground-source heat pump) is proposed to solve the performance degradation of the GSHP (ground-source heat pump) under imbalanced load conditions. The HGSHP is composed of three flow loops: a refrigerant flow loop, a GFL (ground flow loop), and a SFL (supplemental flow loop). In...

In electric vehicles, air-conditioning (AC) units and electric heaters have been used for dehumidifying and heating the cabin. However, the air heating process in the electric heater causes higher power consumption due to a lower air temperature entering the electric heater from the sensible...

This research describes the development of a compression/absorption hybrid heat pump system that utilizes a mixture of NH3 and H2O as a working fluid. The heat pump cycle is based on a hybrid combination of vapor compression cycle and absorption cycle. The system consists of major components of...

An experimental study on the capacity control of a heat pump system has been performed using refrigerant mixtures of R32/134a. A test apparatus was made of a refrigeration part and two different types of composition changing parts; a single separator system and a separator–rectifier combined...

During the defrosting process, the temperature in the cabinet of a showcase becomes higher than the set point. This phenomenon is undesirable for foods or products stored. It is essential to develop an efficient defrosting method to prevent large temperature fluctuations. In the present study,...

A heat pump has been considered as an alternative to an electric heater to increase the efficiency of the heating unit in electric vehicles. However, the heating performance of a single source heat pump has yet to be improved at low outdoor temperatures. This study investigates the feasibility...

GSHP (ground source heat pump) systems have become widely used as a result of the recent increasing demand for new and renewable energy polices in Korea. However, reliability issues have been key issues during installation and operation since they were initially designed. This paper introduces a...

This work investigates the degradation of an individual gas diffusion layer (GDL) by repeated freezing cycles. The pore size distribution, gas permeability, surface structure, and contact angle on the surface of the GDL were measured in four different types of GDL: SGL paper with a microporous...