Especially in the last decade, efforts have been made in developing the sustainable building assessment tools, which are usually performed based on fundamentals of the First Law of Thermodynamics. However, this approach does not provide a faithful thermodynamic evaluation of the overall energy...

Embodied energy is defined as the energy consumed in all activities necessary to support a process, including upstream processes. The Leontief inverse input-output (IO) matrix gives results that are practically complete, because of the aggregation of direct and indirect requirements, but which...

The objective of this study was to examine the energy use patterns and cost of production in greenhouse and open-field grape production. Data used in the study were obtained from the experiment conducted at the Akdeniz university research field. In the study, energy values were calculated by...

A heat pump system is the ideal way to extend the heat supply of existing oil or gas fired heating system. Consumption costs are lowered through the use of free energy from the environment, and the dependence on fossils fuels simultaneously reduces. In order to investigate the performance of the...

The demand on primary energy resources of three steelmaking technologies has been evaluated using an integrated energy analysis approach that takes into account the energy equivalent of major materials and supplies used in the process, as well as the inefficiency of electricity generation. Two...