In acid hydrolysis of plant biomass, polysaccharides are converted to monosaccharides, which is basic raw material for biorefinery for fermentation based process. These monosaccharides, however, are not stable in acidic reaction medium, and are converted to organic acids via furans. Impact of...

Detailed far-infrared (FIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) studies of aluminum small particles have been carried out. MIR absorption studies of clustered and non-clustered samples suggest that the anomalous FIR absorption does not arise from the clustering together of the individual metallic particles....

This paper proposes an offshore WPP (wind power plant) shutdown algorithm that does not use a braking system and meets the required ramp rate in the grid code in various storm-driven conditions. The proposed algorithm determines the number of WGs (wind generators) to shut down simultaneously to...