This paper reviews recent literature that considers and explains the tendency for neighborhood and city-level economic status to rise and fall. A central message is that although many locations exhibit extreme persistence in economic status, change in economic status as measured by various...

This chapter reviews recent literature that considers and explains the tendency for neighborhood and city-level economic status to rise and fall. A central message is that although many locations exhibit extreme persistence in economic status, change in economic status as measured by various...

At the present time, most large cities in the world are polycentric and, at the same time, they are undergoing a process of employment and population decentralization. Gordon and Richardson (1996) argued that polycentricity is just an intermediate stage between monocentricity and a more...

The paper deals with construction of dwellings and new residential buildings in Kuyavian-Pomeranian voivodeship and planned Bydgoszcz-Toruń Metropolitan Area. The time range of the research included years 1996–2011 and was divided into two periods: 1996–2003 and 2004–2011. The spatial...