The magnetic properties of the mixed spin-12 and spin-1 Ising ferromagnetic system with a crystal–field interaction in the absence and presence of an external magnetic field are studied by using the cluster variation method. Thermal variations of order parameters are investigated and the...

An interactive two-state model for cell membrane potassium and sodium ion channels in the presence of electric fields is proposed and studied using the pair approximation. In the model, ion channels which can either be in an open or closed states are regarded as residing on a two-dimensional...

The temperature dependence of the magnetization and quadrupole order parameters of the Blume–Emery–Griffiths (BEG) model Hamiltonian with the nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic exchange interactions [both bilinear (J) and biquadratic (K)] and crystal field interaction (D) is studied using the...

A mixed-spin Ising model on a decorated Bethe lattice is rigorously solved by combining the decoration–iteration transformation with the method of exact recursion relations. Exact results for critical lines, compensation temperatures, total and sublattice magnetizations are obtained from a...

We investigate the temperature dependence of the order parameters of the Blume–Capel model for zero magnetic field in the lowest approximation of the cluster variation method which is identical to the mean-field approximation. Besides the stable branches of the order parameters, we establish...

A kinetic model of cell membrane ion channels is proposed based on the path integral method. From the Pauli-type master equations valid on a macroscopic time scale, we derive a first-order differential equation or the kinetic equation which governs temporal evolution of the channel system along...