The merging flow model without a bottleneck is presented to mimic the pedestrian channel flow with a meeting point. Two channel flows in front of the meeting point interact one another when the exit density is higher than the maximal-current density. The distinct phase transition occurs by...

Pedestrian counter flow is investigated by experiment and simulation. The experiment is performed for the channel with open boundaries. Two types of walkers, going to the right and to the left, are taken into account. The video recordings and measurements of individual arrival times are...

In this paper we revisit some minority games formed by two different types of agents. There are some games where the differences of power processing among the agents are fundamental for achieving success. In other games, which are characterized by a dynamical phase transition, the results can...

The conductive channels formation and disappearance probability is investigated for thin films of thread-like structure polymers in the a-c field. Depending on the field strength and frequency and the channel orientation in the field the soliton solutions were obtained as well as the oscillatory...

The phase transitions of a ferromagnet spin-1/2 Ising superlattice consisting of two different materials are examined using the effective field theory. The critical temperature of the system is studied as a function of the thickness of the constituents in a unit cell, exchange interactions in...

In these lectures we give an overview of nonequilibrium stochastic systems. In particular we discuss in detail two models, the asymmetric exclusion process and a ballistic reaction model, that illustrate many general features of nonequilibrium dynamics: for example coarsening dynamics and...

Solitary wave solutions exhibited at the onset of the phase transition in fluidized granular matter are perused. In the quasi-sonic limit the system is modeled by two Korteweg de Vries equations. We study the solitary wave interactions in order to understand the rich dynamics exhibited by the...

We consider statistical properties of an NP-complete problem, the subset sum, using the methods and concepts of statistical mechanics. After introducing the statistical mechanical treatment of the problem, the phase transition behaviors are discussed. We also introduce a source coding scheme...

By mapping the optimization problems to physical systems, the paper presents a general-purpose stochastic optimization method with extremal dynamics. It is built up with the traveling salesman problem (TSP) being a typical NP-complete problem. As self-organized critical processes of extremal...

The microscopic approach to the description of the phase behaviour and critical phenomena in binary fluid mixtures is proposed. It is based on the method of collective variables with a reference system. The physical nature of the order parameter in a binary mixture is discussed. The basic...