This study concerns the use of ethanol as a gasoline (petrol) additive, at levels around 10% by volume ('E10') as well as an 85% blend ('E85'). By detailed reviews of the peer-reviewed and technical literature, five environmental aspects of ethanol enrichment are examined: (1) its purported...

This study introduces the constrained forms of the Shannon information entropy and Kullback–Leibler cross-entropy functions. Applicable to a closed system, these functions incorporate the constraints on the system in a generic fashion, irrespective of the form or even the number of the...

An axiomatic definition is given for the q-gamma function Γq(x),q∈R,q0,x∈R of Tsallis (non-extensive) statistical physics, the continuous analogue of the q-factorial of Suyari [H. Suyari, Physica A 368 (1) (2006) 63], and the q-analogue of the gamma function Γ(x) of Euler and Gauss. A...