A new public conveyance model applicable to buses and trains is proposed in this paper by using stochastic cellular automaton. We have found the optimal density of vehicles, at which the average velocity becomes maximum, significantly depends on the number of stops and passengers behavior of...

Additional to the basic Nagel–Schreckenberg model for single-lane traffic flow, we consider the effect of the velocity-difference between two successive vehicles on the randomization of the latter one. This modification improves the transit capacity of the model, which results in a much higher...

Based on the cellular automata method (CA method), two-lane traffic flow with the consideration of overtaking is investigated. Discrete equations are proposed to describe the traffic dynamics by using the rules of CA model. Influences of signal cycle time (ts) and vehicular density (ρ) on the...

Pattern formation and self-organization are phenomena that occur across the board, in animate and inanimate systems. In this paper, we rely on the constructal law to explain the generation of patterns (shapes, structures) in aggregates of organisms–pedestrian crowds and stony corals. In...

Pedestrians adjust both speed and stride length when they navigate difficult situations such as tight corners or dense crowds. They try to avoid collisions and to preserve their personal space. State-of-the-art pedestrian motion models automatically reduce speed in dense crowds simply because...

A cellular automata model is presented to simulate the bi-direction pedestrian movement. The pedestrian movement is more complex than vehicular flow for the reason that people are more flexible than cars. Some special technique is introduced considering simple human judgment to make the rules...

The pedestrian movement is more complex than vehicular flow for the reason that people are more flexible and intelligent than cars. Without the limit of “lanes” pedestrian movement is loose and free. Furthermore, they are easily affected by other walkers as well as the environment around. In...

An extended mobile lattice gas model with consideration of the pedestrian’s variable walking step size is proposed in this paper. The model first scans various possible step sizes and then determines the movement directions in terms of probabilities which consider the step size factor....

This paper demonstrates the fundamental relation that exists between the configuration of a three-dimensional living space and the time needed for the evacuation of all the inhabitants. The evacuation is treated as a physical flow system consisting of pedestrians who move from a volume to one or...