This paper considers the engineer's, economist's, manager's, and planner's perspectives on effectiveness for transportation respectively. This paper examines both the measures used in each perspective, weighs their advantages and disadvantages for various purposes. The first section summarizes...

Over the past couple of decades or so, there have been increasing moves within evolutionary theory to move beyond the neo-Darwinian principles of variety, selection and retention, and to incorporate development. This has led to a richer palette of concepts, mechanisms and models of evolution and...

The concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems has been used as a framework to explain entrepreneurial activities within regions and industrial sectors. Despite the usefulness of this approach, the concept is under-theorized, especially with regard to the evolution of entrepreneurial ecosystems. The...

The concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems has been used as a framework to explain entrepreneurial activities within regions and industrial sectors. Despite the usefulness of this approach, the concept is under-theorized, especially with regard to the evolution of entrepreneurial ecosystems. The...

The concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems has been used as a framework to explain entrepreneurial activities within regions and industrial sectors. Despite the usefulness of this approach, the concept is under-theorized, especially with regard to the evolution of entrepreneurial ecosystems. The...

A new theory of learning organization bordering evolutionary economics and management is introduced. It is referred to as evolutionary learning organizational theory of behavior, decision-making, and goals of wellbeing in the larger context of the organization in a systemic sense of organic...

1. Understanding, Explaining and Knowing -- Part 1: Knowledge as classification, judgment, mensuration -- 2. Problems of Mensuration and Experimentation -- 3. Problems of Measurement and Meaning in Biology -- 4. Psychology Cannot Quantify Its Research, do Experiments, or be Based Upon...