The beer market in Germany may be described as a monopolistic competition with many breweries supplying a very large variety of different beer styles and brands. Advertising is one means of differentiating a product and increasing prices over marginal costs. Based on production data obtained...

The spatial dimension of most agricultural raw product markets (e.g., milk) and the high concentration of food processors facilitate the exercise of market power towards farmers. In the milk sector, processors that are investor-owned firms (IOFs) compete alongside processing cooperatives (COOPs)...