integration meant that foreign market access was the decisive factor; the North had the advantage of proximity to these markets …

patterns of the occupational structure in pre-unification Italy, combining direct observations and urbanization rates. In 1861 …, the agricultural labour share was higher in Southern Italy than in the Centre and North. During the Risorgimento … fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, as the Centre-North stagnated and the South grew slowly. Southern Italy forged ahead of China …

states in northern Italy but negative correlations between the North and the South before unification, suggesting some …

The Paper draws its motivation from the observation that, three years into the single currency, EMU financial markets … of monetary unification, that of Italy after 1862. We find that the prices of the Rendita Italiana 5% (Italian Consols … currency' fail to explain the delay in financial market unification. We argue that markets remained relatively fragmented …

in the Low Countries and Italy, it is shown that these older monasteries could adapt and reinvent themselves to stave off …