Purpose To analyze FINRA’s 2016 sanctions and cases, the issues that resulted in the most significant fines, emerging … sanctions and disciplinary actions in 2016 and prior years; details the top 2016 enforcement issues measured by total fines …; explains current enforcement trends, including fines of $1 million or more, sanctions against compliance officers, and …

This paper introduces the fourth release of the Global Sanctions Data Base (GSDBR4). Covering the period 1950-2023, it … combine it with trade data until 2023, and we investigate the effects of the recent sanctions on Russia's trade within an … effects. The implication is that such trade cost decreases may be sufficient to offset the effects of Western sanctions on …

This paper introduces the fourth release of the Global Sanctions Data Base (GSDBR4). Covering the period 1950-2023, it … combine it with trade data until 2023, and we investigate the effects of the recent sanctions on Russia's trade within an … effects. The implication is that such trade cost decreases may be sufficient to offset the effects of Western sanctions on …

This study examines the impact of international economic sanctions, imposed on Iran due to its nuclear program, on the … these sanctions post-2012. To address this question, we employ a synthetic control model to create a counterfactual scenario … significant international sanctions. By comparing the middle-class size of this counterfactual Iran with the actual Iran that …

This study examines the impact of international economic sanctions, imposed on Iran due to its nuclear program, on the … these sanctions post-2012. To address this question, we employ a synthetic control model to create a counterfactual scenario … significant international sanctions. By comparing the middle-class size of this counterfactual Iran with the actual Iran that …

Environmental degradation is one of the potentially unforeseen consequences of sanctions, yet few studies have … investigated how sanctions affect the environment. For instance, by restricting the acquisition of more efficient technologies …, sanctions can strain natural resources and erode environmental performance. Therefore, this study investigates the moderating …