With radical socio-economic development and strengthening of regulation of agricultural industrial structure in Hainan Province, fresh water resource becomes increasingly insufficient. Existing water-saving facilities and measures are unable to promote sustainable and stable development of local...

Water resources in the world are scarce and unevenly distributed. In deserts, the only source of drinking water is groundwater, often saline and of poor quality. In many places, the groundwater levels have dropped dangerously due to overexploitation. Gypsum deposits, that are very common in...

Solar photovoltaic systems are prohibitively expensive in terms of installation costs. Power from them is also available intermittently—only when energy from the sun is available. On the other hand, PV systems are free of the ever-rising costs of input fuel. They also incur much less operation...

High energy consumption and the world population increase will lead to shrinking reserves of fossil fuels. Concern about carbon dioxide emissions may discourage widespread dependence on fossil fuels and encourage the development and use of renewable energy systems employing a variety of...

The efficient utilization of the solar spectrum has been intensively addressed by solar researchers in the last decades. For instance, many efforts have been made to improve the efficiency of PV cells and to allow their operation at high temperatures and concentration ratios (CR). On the other...

A 3D numerical model for flat-plate liquid solar collectors has been developed. This model is envisioned for predicting the efficiency curve of the collector, for which the different heat transfer mechanisms involved are simultaneously taken into account: solar radiation absorption, transmission...

Hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) devices can simultaneously generate thermal and electrical energy, but have been limited to low temperature applications. This is done to avoid performance degradation of the PV cell at high temperatures. While the low temperature approach limits PV losses, it...

In this article, experimental investigation of 15 m2 solar parabolic trough collector with porous disc enhanced receiver is carried out according to ASHRAE 93-1986 test procedure. Six different receiver configurations are developed and investigated to compare their performance. The performance...

Photovoltaic (PV) and other solar energy systems are known to lose efficiency as a result of the accumulation of dust on the surface of the panels. These losses have been difficult to predict and vary widely across geographical regions. In this work dust is allowed to naturally accumulate on PV...