In March 2011 the European Council envisaged a common energy market already by 2014 so as to enhance economic performance, increase security of supply, and facilitate the transfer to a low carbon economy. However, the alignment of trading rules and system operations is not sufficient -- for a...

Poland’s energy mix is dominated by indigenous coal, and since the country joined the European Union in 2004 it has been clear that it will do much to safeguard its domestic coal sector and resist pressures for ambitious harmonized decarbonization efforts. At the same time, Poland is meeting...

While the European Commission envisaged the creation of a ‘common European energy market’ by 2014, it is quite clear that the provisions of the Lisbon Treaty protecting national sovereignty over energy policies and mixes are here to stay. We have, however, seen some visible moves towards...

Are environmental norms uniform in the EU and if yes – how does that happen? This article demonstrates the process through which norms are transnationally enforced in Europe. It also engages in a theoretical discussion with constructivist research on normative change, arguing for the need to...

Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the risk of a prolonged physical supply shortage of natural gas is higher than ever before. While European Union (EU) institutions and member states are discussing the possibility of imposing an embargo or a gradual phase out in this sector, an abrupt...

The common European electricity market requires both market integration and transmission grid expansion, including trans-border interconnectors. Although the benefits of increased interconnectivity are widely acknowledged, expansion of interconnectors is often very slow. This paper gathers...

type="graphical" xml:id="gpol12153-abs-0002"> <p>European states lack a shared vision regarding the future of energy policy. What seems even more important, though, is that EU member states even lack a common understanding of their position in the international energy landscape.<blockFixed type="graphic" xml:id="gpol12153-blkfxd-0001"> <mediaResourceGroup> <mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:17585880:gpol12153:gpol12153-toc-0001"/> </mediaResourceGroup> </blockFixed>