. First, a highly skilled workforce is the engine of urban development, increasing urban wages and population. Second, big …

Recent laboratory evidence suggests that employees who have the extraordinary right to self-determine their wages … right, while being paid the same wages as the first group. We find that performance is about 12% higher when employees self … positive effects in a real-labor market. Employees were hired to file business reports for a half-day job. After one hour of …

is also pronounced when the employer pays unequal wages to the employees: in this case the co-worker's effort decision is … employees. Exposure to pay comparison information in isolation from effort comparison information does not appear to affect … reciprocity toward employers: in this case own wage is a powerful determinant of own effort, but co-worker wages have no effect …