protection implied when crossing a border fell from 180% to 89% for this same sample. While tariffs still have an influence on …

as tariffs, can continue to disadvantage foreign firms. We analyze the bidding strategies in such a game and show that … when domestic profits are valued, tariffs will be used to discriminate against foreign firms. Furthermore, we find that … optimal tariffs can be more protectionist than the optimal price preference, resulting in lower expected domestic welfare and …

ahead then it always entails free trade. On the other hand, if a proposed agreement is over tariffs and if it goes ahead …

Historically, tariffs have been an attractive policy tool to protect domestic industries. The benefits of such a policy …

infinite future. In this paper I analyze the setting of tariffs in a two-country model taking account of adjustment processes … induces policy makers with a short planning horizon to set lower tariffs because it enhances the short run boom following a … cut in tariffs. Monetary policy that aggressively fights deviations from its inflation target leads to even lower tariffs. …

import tariffs on a destination market are associated with less pricing-to-market, whereas non-tariff measures are associated …

trade barriers on the equilibrium diffusion of a cost-saving technology. It is shown that even when ad-valorem tariffs have …, tariffication (i.e., the conversion of quotas to ad-valorem tariffs) can lead to faster technology adoption world-wide. …