We have studied the statistical mechanics of money circulation in a closed economic system. An explicit statistical formulation of the circulation velocity of money is presented for the first time by introducing the concept of holding time of money. The result indicates that the velocity is...

The paper discusses some model related issues for time series of the number of shareholders in a stock. The point of departure is an integer-valued autoregressive model of order one. Empirical results are presented for some frequently traded stocks on the Finnish and Swedish stock markets. In...

The determinants of the velocity of money have been examined based on life-cycle hypothesis. The velocity of money can be expressed by reciprocal of the average value of holding time that is defined as interval between participating exchanges for one unit of money. This expression indicates that...