Exit theory predicts a governance role of outside blockholders' exit threats; but this role could be ineffective if … managers' potential private benefits exceed their loss in stock-price declines caused by outside blockholders' exit. We test … shock to the cost for outside blockholders to exit. Using a difference-in-differences design combined with propensity …

ownership, family, institutions or external blockholders and earnings management. In addition, it examines the effect of company …. Findings The results show that family and institutional ownership reduce the earnings management, but the impact is different … the literature that establishes that ownership is an effective regulatory mechanism that limits earnings management …

and higher management ownership results in more accurate forecasts. This is the first study giving an insight into the …

the size of large shareholder ownership. The empirical evidence from government ownership is consistent with theoretical … government ownership. Further studies can be expanded to other types of ownership, such as family ownership and financial … institutional ownership Originality/value: This study is the first to theoretically analyse and empirically test the effect of …