This paper investigates the causal relationship between environmental quality, economic growth and trade in D8 countries by using panel unit root tests and panel cointegration analysis for the period 1970-2011. The results suggest that there is a long-run relationship between these variables....

The FDI of Multinational Companies (MNCs) can be export-oriented or market-oriented, intended to capture the international or local markets respectively. Since the MNCs have better export performance than local firms, in case of export-oriented FDI, this would lead local firms to mimic foreign...

This paper examines causal relationships between environment, GDP and trade for Iran using annual data over the period 1970-201, applying the techniques of the long–run Granger non–causality test proposed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). The results suggest that there is a long-run relationship...

This paper investigates the causal relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP in a panel of 11 selected oil exporting countries by using panel unit root tests and panel cointegration analysis for the period 1970-2011. A three-variable model is formulated with openness as the third variable. The...

The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship among environment, economic growth and openness in Iran for the period 1970-2011, based on the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. The study finds a cointegrating relationship among these variables with co2 emission as...

This paper explores the relation between oil revenues and economic growth in Iran using annual data for the period 1959-2008 to check whether this relation has a structural breakpoint effect. The results indicate the threshold level of growth rate of oil revenues above which oil revenues...

In this paper we intend to respond to the questions of: “What impacts do the subsidies that the government is granting to the printed press directly and indirectly, have on their circulations or on the demand for the press?”; and if the intention behind endowment of these subsidies to the...

In this paper we had studied the relationship between social networks and micro (small)-shareholders, also, and we had answered this basic question that whether social networks affect shareholders decision- making for entering stock market and selling and buying the shares? If it so, which one...

This paper examines the relationship between stock market index and macroeconomic policies (Fiscal and Monetary) on Iran's economy using quarterly data in the period 1999-2013. This study employed cointegration test and vector autoregressive models (VAR) to examine relationships between the...