French Abstract: Le droit international des investissements est un domaine en pleine évolution, dont la réforme est apparue comme une nécessité, au risque de voir la protection internationale d’investissements s’effondrer. L’Union européenne, qui a commencé à négocier ses premiers...

The ongoing reform of investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) underlines the pertinence of an old question that has received various and conflicting answers: is investment arbitration a public or a private method of dispute settlement? A key criticism levelled at investment treaty arbitration...

The policy challenge. Citizens and politicians in Western democracies have increasingly become aware of the importance of human rights, civil liberties, social rights, and sustainability issues as well as the different adherence to basic rights (such as equal treatment) all over the world. This...

On March 2, the National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence (NSCAI) released its final report: a glimpse of the U.S. view of advanced industries such as artificial intelligence (AI) and semiconductors, as well as the direction of its related strategies. The commission urged a...

This commentary focuses on Article 8.30 CETA, which is entitled ‘Ethics’ and sets ethical rules for the Members of the CETA Tribunal and the Appellate Tribunal. The European Commission presents this precept in a succinct paragraph, highlighting the key issues addressed and the main novelties...

Often depicted as a ‘nuclear button’, the significance of the security exceptions to the world trade legal regime goes well beyond an exception that exempts states from legal commitments to trade liberalisation. As a general exception enshrined into the GATT/WTO regime, the national security...

Policymakers increasingly view China’s rapidly growing wealth as a threat. China currently ranks second, or perhaps even first, in the world in gross domestic product (although 78th in per capita GDP), and the fear is that China will acquire military prowess commensurate with its wealth and...

Globalization is today one of the phenomena discussed and contested at the same time, beach and speeches in terms of globalization are spread from the ordinary man in the street, and to speeches by political and academic level. It is surprising how a term that recently entered the vocabulary...

The analyses carried out both at the centre (Brussels) and at the destination (member states) (ab)use of the principle that in public expenditure terms “spent money means well-spent money” and consider that absorption capacity equals economic performance (equated quite disputably with...

In the middle of the twentieth century S.M. Lipset sustained that various indicators of economic development were higher in democratic countries than in authoritarian ones, suggesting that development was as a condition to democracy. More recently, though, several authors have shown that there...