Congestion charges pose a policy dilemma due to the balance that must be made between the management of a quasi public good along with the correction of negative externalities against the needs of economic, demographic, and urban growth along with citizen acceptance. The literature provides...

In this volume we report the results of an extensive empirical study into the size of the Canadian underground economy, its development from the mid-1970's to the mid-1990's, and some of the linkages between taxation policy and underground activity in this country. First, we estimate that the...

There is considerable agreement internationally about the factors that determine the relative size of the underground economy (tax burden, regulation, enforcement, confidence in government, labour force characteristics, and morality) and that evidence of underground activity will be captured in...

We control for demographic changes to document trends in the allocation of time using time diary data for Canada (1986 to 2005) and the United States (1985 to 2005). We find that (1) in 2005, average weekly hours spent on market work is higher in Canada than in the U.S. (37.29 vs. 33.29), (2)...

User fees have become increasingly relied upon by municipal governments in Canada to fund municipal services due to the combined pressures from federal and provincial devolution of responsibility and the political costs of raising property taxes. While there is a substantial body of literature...

Throughout the 2010s, a major focus of public policy and public policy debates was about understanding the sources of inequality and understanding the role of government in addressing income inequality. While progress has been made, significant gaps in inequality remain; gaps that go well beyond...