Fiat money requires no backing to be accepted at a uniquely determined positive value. I show this using an equilibrium model with realistic frictions and rational households allowed to freely interact in a competitive environment. The model portrays a modern 'cashless' economy relying on...

This paper is a critical engagement with the four design principles for Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) recently proposed by Kumhof and Noone (KN). It is argued that the implicit notion of parity underlying KN's analysis is too narrow as it is only focused on the exchange rate between CBDC...

This paper explores the specification and use of uncertainty measures in constructions of policy forecasts of money market activity. The concept of a policy forecast implies efforts not only to explicitly condition forecasts on assumptions regarding short-run operating procedures but also to...

This paper introduces an empirical measure of the cost of allocating money market volatility between the money stock and the Federal funds rate, the principal purpose being to devise a framework for data-based measures of the short-run implied by alternative operating procedures

In coca-growing villages of Colombia, where pesos are scarce, coca-base is not only used as the main input for cocaine production—it also acts as a complementary currency (CC), circulating locally as a medium of exchange for day-to-day transactions. This paper provides a clear rationale for...

Turkish Abstract: Bu çalışma, para talebi teorisini en iyi anlatan yapıtlardan biri olarakkabul edilmektedir. Ilk baskısı da çeşitli saygın üniversitelerde (örneğinHacettepe Universitesi, Ankara) ders kitabi olarak kabul edilmiştir.Makroekonominin ilgilendiği temel sorunlar, ulusal...

Consumers make transactions of different sizes over time. This paper shows that this fact, together with transaction costs of various assets, can help in developing a theory of liquidity. Assets with different cost structures are used to purchase different sizes of transactions. This can explain...

In this paper, we analyze the process of money creation in a credit economy. We start from the consideration that the traditional money multiplier is a poor description of this process and present an alternative and dynamic approach that takes into account the heterogeneity of agents in the...

The quality of mortgage loans had been deteriorating since 2001, when interest rates were consistently below 3 per cent for several years. Housing prices dropped substantially since their high in 2006. This article examines the current credit crisis against the background of recent financial...

While credit cards provide transaction services, as do currency and demand deposits, credit cards have never been included in measures of the money supply. The reason is accounting conventions, which do not permit adding liabilities, such as credit card balances, to assets, such as money. But...