between economic growth, exports, imports, capital, and labor in each economy. Granger-causality tests indicate short-run in … causality (either export-led growth or growth-driven exports) in most economies. Besides, among the long-run estimated … are in line with traditional trade theories and some recently developed endogenous growth theories. …

the trade performance which leads to decline in economic growth in Pakistan. The present study may guide policy makers in …This study investigates the relationship between energy consumption and trade performance in Pakistan by using the … formulating a conclusive energy and trade policies for sustainable growth for long span of time. …

Since Adam Smith, most economists have held the belief that trade fosters economic growth, although it has not been … possible to establish a strong causal relationship. The results of growth regressions are, at best, mixed, and several … historical studies have found a positive relationship between tariffs and economic growth in the nineteenth century. This paper …

The study attempts to identify the dynamic relationship between trade, income growth, energy consumption and CO2 … emissions for Pakistan. Johansen’s Cointegration procedure has been employed to estimate the coefficients of the Cointegrated … Vector Autoregressive model. The results reveal that trade has a favorable effect on environmental quality for Pakistan …

cointegration among the series. In the long run, trade openness promotes economic growth. The growth-led-trade hypothesis is …The study investigates the impact of trade openness on economic growth in the long run. We apply the ARDL bounds … development as an additional determinant of economic growth using the framework of Mankiw et al. (1992). The results confirm …

overemphasized. Many studies have shown a strong positive impact of trade on economic growth across developed and the emerging market …. However, very little is known about the simultaneous effect of trade and investment on growth in SSA when institutional … control variables are introduced in the model. Therefore, this study examines the role of trade and investment in the growth …

overemphasized. Many studies have shown a strong positive impact of trade on economic growth across developed and the emerging market …. However, very little is known about the simultaneous effect of trade and investment on growth in SSA when institutional … control variables are introduced in the model. Therefore, this study examines the role of trade and investment in the growth …

on economic growth is affected by wealth inequality.  The results suggest (a) that opening to trade tends to accelerate …Panel data on 54 developing countries between 1960 and 2000 are used to investigate how the impact of opening to trade … growth but (b) that the addition to growth depends inversely on the level of wealth inequality prior to opening.  These …

We study the relationship between geography and growth. To do so, we first develop a dynamic spatial growth theory with … realistic geography. We characterize the model and its balanced growth path and propose a methodology to analyze equilibria with …