and growth in Pakistan. Furthermore, the results of causality test and variance decomposition analysis suggest a … unidirectional causality running from natural gas consumption to economic growth. Gas being the primary source of energy in Pakistan …This paper examines the relationship between natural gas consumption and economic growth in Pakistan using a …

under the framework of Granger causality and panel cointegration for Pakistan over the period 1981-2008. The result supports …-way causality between FDI and GDP is identified. At the sectoral level, the effects of FDI on growth vary significantly across … th e evidence of panel cointegration between FDI and output. FDI has a positive effect on output in the long run. The …

1972 and 2008. The Granger's non-causality tests support ELG as well as the growth-led exports. Also, there is causality …The study examines the export-led growth (ELG) hypothesis for Cambodia. The sample covers annual observations between … from imports growth to exports growth. The study also presents the results of impulse response functions and variance …

We analyse causality relationships between industry and foreign trade in three major areas of the world economy: India … to favour industrial and non-industrial development, from a mixed approach to economic growth which has into account … demand and supply sides. We use several approaches to causality, including Granger´s bivariate and trivariate tests and …

This paper is the first to examine the causal relationship between trade openness and government size using both … literature. Our causality tests provide little or no support for a causal relationship between openness and aggregate or …

This paper uses recently developed econometric techniques such as panel unit roots tests, panel cointegration, and … inflows. The results also provide evidence of short-run causality running from exports and FDI inflows to GDP. On the other … causality are parallel to those of the long run causality. …

Recent work has documented industrial output growth around the poor periphery from 1870 to the present, finding …% industrial growth club: Japan 1899, China 1900, the Philippines 1913, Taiwan 1914, Korea 1921, and India 1929. The Philippines …

Economic growth is essential, though not sufficient, for poverty reduction in developing countries. Research based on … many different approaches and including both cross- country and intra-country studies shows that international trade can … contribute to economic growth, and thus can help many poor people escape poverty. However, the domestic environment has to be …

growth. However, they do not account for intra-national spatial heterogeneity, even when regions, and not only countries … complexity at the subnational level using a unique trade database on intra-national trade flows for Spain. Specifically, we … and intra-national trade exposures. We also show that indicators that incorporate both types of trade flows are better …

the terms-of-trade gains may expose the CIS countries to considerable external risks. As time passes, the share of growth …This paper analyses some of the main factors behind the recent rapid growth in the Commonwealth of Independent States … (CIS) and the prospects for its continuation. Two approaches are used. The first approach uses growth accounting exercises …