We establish the share of exports in production as a sufficient statistic for optimal non-cooperative monetary policy. Under financial autarky, markups positively co-move with the export share. For complete markets, markups should be procyclical if the export share is procyclical. When central...

I conduct interviews with 32 Central Bankers from Emerging Markets and present five unifying themes that explain their behavior when reacting to a U.S. monetary tightening. I then estimate the impulse response functions of their two main monetary tools, the policy rate and foreign exchange...

We study international monetary policy spillovers and spillbacks in a tractable two-country Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian model. Relative to Representative Agent (RANK) models, our framework introduces a precautionary-savings channel, as households in both countries face uninsurable income...

This paper examines the policy challenges a country faces when it wants to both reduce inflation and maintain a sustainable external position. Mundell's (1962) policy assignment framework suggests that these two goals may be mutually incompatible unless monetary and fiscal policies are properly...

We study the conduct of monetary policy in a continuum of small open economies. We solve the model globally in closed form without restricting the elasticity of substitution between home and foreign goods to one. Using this global closed-form solution, we give an exact characterization of...

We study the conduct of monetary policy in a continuum of small open economies. We solve the model globally in closed form without restricting the elasticity of substitution between home and foreign goods to one. Using this global closed-form solution, we give an exact characterization of...

A positive and normative evaluation of alternative monetary policy regimes is addressed in a simple two-country general equilibrium model. The behavior of the exchange rate, as well as of the other macroeconomic variables, depends crucially on the monetary regime chosen, though not necessarily...

This paper studies a small open economy with two sectors. In a perfect foresight, rational expectation general equilibrium model, with sticky prices in the non-traded goods sector, the current account responses to monetary shocks depend on the elasticity of substitution between consumption and...

Most New Keynesian models are derived under the assumption that inflation is equal to zero in the steady-state and yet most central banks around the world have inflation targets that are greater than such a number. In this paper we consider the open economy (welfare) implications of non-zero...

Over the past two years, the IMF staff has been developing a new multicountry macroeconomic model called the Global Economy Model (GEM). This paper explains why such a model is needed, how GEM differs from its predecessor model, and how the new features of the model can improve the IMF’s...