The transport economics literature has indicated that introduction of competition for the market in urban bus services (i.e. by means of competitive bidding) could promote cost-efficiency with low fares and better quality services. Therefore, this paper analyse the main outcomes and the latest...

This paper attempts to measure cost-inefficiency of nine major Indian State Road Transport Undertakings (STU) for the period 1983-84 to 1996-97 in a manner that allows this inefficiency to vary both across time as well as across STUs. We found that given the size distribution of the STUs and...

Beim 9-Euro-Ticket, das in Deutschland von Juni bis August 2022 zur Verfügung stand, handelte es sich um eine starke Vereinfachung des Tarifsystems des ÖPNV. Zudem sanken die Kosten für Mobilität. Begrenzt wurden die positiven Wirkungen jedoch dadurch, dass gleichzeitig der Pkw-Verkehr als...

There are several ways to promote public transport demand. Perugia achieved a leading national position in the last decade by a tariff reform and by developing an integrated local public transport network that includes lifts and escalators. Since 1996, the number of passengers has continually...

Several countries have either imposed or are considering to impose occupancy restrictions on public transport vehicles, as lockdowns are lifted following declines in new cases of Covid-19. This paper analyzes which public policy measures would enable complying with such restrictions on buses. We...

In the last years, sustainable travels have included bike tourists visiting cities to enjoy cultural and urban environments. Yet, when considering cycling tourists’ intra-destination trips by motorized vehicles, the extent of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could reduce the sustainability of...

Subsidies are considered important means to facilitate the provision of public transit, yet the empirical evidence implies that they can have harming effects on costs and possibly also on operators' performance. This paper examines the impacts of deficit-balancing subsidies on the cost...

Optimal pricing facilitates attainment of specific goals. The optimum price to achieve profit maximization may differ from the one needed to maximize welfare or to ensure the highest revenue. Profit maximization is the traditional motivation of the private firms. In case of private monopoly...

We analyze potential gains from hypothetical mergers in local public transport using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis with bias corrections by means of bootstrapping. Our sample consists of 41 public transport companies from Germany's most densely populated region, North...

This paper studies the effects on local public transport of the reform begun in the late nineties, using data from a recent Bank of Italy survey. There are still substantial differences across Italy's regions, and the level of efficiency is far from the original aims of the reform. Although...