Sijabat, Rosdiana - In: Economies : open access journal 10 (2022) 4, pp. 1-22
This study examines the direction of causality between Gross Domestic Product, foreign aid, foreign direct investment, and gross capital formation in Indonesia from 1970 to 2019, using the augmented Toda-Yamamoto approach with the Granger causality test. Furthermore, this study achieved the unit...