This study explores whether latent variable models may be used to detect individual variability in the interpretation of vague quantifiers of behavioral frequency. Using data from an experiment embedded in the 2006 National Survey of Student Engagement, the current study finds that differential...

This issue brief presents findings from the Universal Preschool Child Outcomes Study, which examined a diverse group of Los Angeles preschoolers. The study integrated three strategies—card sorts, focus groups, and cognitive interviewing—to measure how parents rate their...

Surveys collecting behavioral frequency information request either numerically or vaguely quantified frequency reports. Using data from an experiment embedded in the 2006 National Survey of Student Engagement, this working paper finds that the structure of measurement models based on vaguely and...