of Russia’s fiscal reporting and budgeting practices are in line with good or advanced practice under the July 2013 draft …

This Selected Issues paper estimates potential output and the output gap in Russia. Estimating potential output in … Russia is difficult because its economy is large and complex, in transition, and dependent on oil. First, Russia presents …. Third, the energy sector dominates exports and GDP, making Russia vulnerable to large terms of trade shocks. This paper …

Russia's foreign trade has shifted, causing a 30% depreciation in the Rouble due to declining oil prices and EU … trade sanctions. Despite EU restrictions, only around one-third of pre-war exports to Russia are fully sanctioned; most …, construction, and hospitality. This year's economic growth forecast for Russia is revised upward to 2.3%, but labor shortages and …

In 2023, Russia experienced a 3.5% economic growth, but forecasts for 2024 indicate a slowdown to 1.5% due to tightened … relatively stable. In particular, EU exports of economically critical and common high priority goods to Russia in November 2023 … and Hong Kong, Türkiye and CIS countries became vital suppliers, meeting Russia's demand for economically critical goods …

This report highlights the effects of international sanctions on Russia's economic performance up to mid-2024. Despite … monetary tightening, Russia's early 2024 economic growth remained strong due to a tight labor market and continued credit … reveals that Russia has shifted towards lower-quality suppliers from countries like China, Türkiye, and Kazakhstan. The …

newspaper coverage to account for different perceptions. Using Russia as a case study, we demonstrate that geopolitical risk …

. In response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, host countries in Europe and beyond have adopted measures to support …