study of targeted defense. What are the “key” nodes to defend to maximize functionality of the network? What are the … collective welfare? We first provide a characterization of optimal attack and defense in terms of two classical concepts in graph … resources spent on attack and defense) and helps us identify a new class of networks-windmill graphs-that minimize conflict. We …

US military Research and Development (R&D) expenditures arguably represent the best example of mission-oriented policy …. They are sizeable, with a clear-cut public purpose (national defense) and with the government being their exclusive … investigate the impact of defense R&D on privately-financed R&D. To address potential endogeneity in the allocation of funds, we …

The defense industry in the United Kingdom has experienced significant structural change since the end of the Cold War … such change might be related to innovation. Firms’ own-financed R&D in British defense industry is proposed as a useful …-revived inverted-U hypothesis linking competition to innovation, and in government demand fluctuations and British defense procurement …

difficulties in trying to define corruption in both general terms and within the context of the defense and security sector. It …