The purpose of this paper is to examine the causality issue between energy consumption and economic growth for three typical oil-exporting countries: Iran, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. We use two different test methods to test for causality, namely, the error correction model and Toda-Yamamoto...

This paper examines the causal relationship between stock prices and macroeconomic aggregates in Iran, by applying the techniques of the long–run Granger non–causality test recently proposed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). We test the causal relationships between the TEPIX Index and the three...

In this paper the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag(ARDL) model has been utilized in order to study the long-terun relations among the elements of direct taxes on the income distribution within the years 1971-2004 and during the third Five-Year Economic Development Plan. Long-terun relations imply...

In this study, we attempted to determine the key factors leading to economic growth for Iran economy over the period 1960–2006. In particular, we sought to clarify whether the growth of Iran was driven mainly by factor accumulation or by improvements in efficiency namely, debate of K (factor...

This paper examines the causal relationship between stock prices and macroeconomic aggregates in Iran, by applying the techniques of the long–run Granger non–causality test proposed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). We test the causal relationships between the TEPIX Index and the three...