In this paper, we model lobbying and the initiative process as a one-shot game between groups of citizens and the legislature. We model voters as random utility maximizers, as in McKelvey and Patty (2000). Our solution concept is Bayes equilibrium in weakly undominated strategies. Modeling the...

Ex post review is a common feature of policymaking institutions. We consider a simple environment in which an expert agent makes a policy recommendation, which can then be accepted or rejected by a principal whose policy goals differ from those of the agent. The theory offers testable...