that oil further increases the conflict potential within fractionalized countries. The combination of oil and a shared … substantially increased risk of ethnic armed conflict onset in a subset of oil-abundant countries. …

Thomas Friedmann’s “First Law of Petro-Politics” expresses the idea that political freedoms diminish in oil …-producing states in direct proportion to increases in the price of oil; there is a whole petro-lexicon purporting to capture the … dilemma of oil: of the “paradox of plenty,” the “resource curse,” “resource wars,” Dutch Disease and so on. I wish to take on …

has been the role of natural resource revenues, especially oil. Countries as diverse as Angola, Azerbaijan, Chad, Iraq …, Kazakhstan, Nigeria, and Timor-Leste have seen huge rises in military expenditure on the back of rapidly increasing oil revenues … of oil revenues and other economic and security factors from 1975 to 2008. We find some evidence that oil revenues have …

In the early 1990s, energy companies around the world began to realize the enormity of the still-untapped oil and … problems: the condition of the Black Sea, Turkish concerns over oil tankers travelling through the Bosporous Straits, the … legacy of Soviet oil production in Azerbaijan, and the crisis of the Caspian Sea resulting from its unresolved legal status …

internal violence. This paper uses a novel dataset on oil and natural gas property rights covering 40 countries during the … hydrocarbon production and civil conflict onset – often found in previous studies – only applies to countries in which oil and gas …