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A large share of the population in emerging market economies has no pension coverage, exposing them to the economic risks arising from socio-economic and individual shocks. This problem, which arises from having large informal (unregulated) sectors, affects not only poor workers, but as many as...
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Early studies often found that offering economic incentives for undertaking prosocial and intrinsically motivated … related to whether crowding out (or substitution) is likely to occur. In many cases, incentives succeed in encouraging more … prosocial behavior and are also cost-effective. However, although the substitution of external incentives for intrinsic …
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incentives and wage gifts on creativity. We find that tournaments substantially increase creative output, with no evidence for …
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The paper presents an axiomatic restatement of the standard approach to nonlinear income taxation. It assumes a finite number of taxpayers rather than an uncountable infinity. Analytical tools are developed which facilitate proving the existence of tax schedules that are continuous,...
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