by 2050 the “converging” middle-income countries could become affluent societies. Historically, however, many fast …-growing countries have stagnated upon reaching middle-income status, a phenomenon known as the “Middle Income Trap.” This article … quantifies possible opportunity costs of Asian countries falling into or staying in the Middle Income Trap rather than sustaining …

the probability of a country escaping the middle income trap (MIT). A second contribution of this paper is to model this … probability using 1960–2015 cross-country data, focusing on the roles of income distribution or inequality and aging. It is found …; (2) relative to income distribution, aging is found to be much less important in terms of both magnitude and statistical …

labor force, capital stock, and total factor productivity (TFP) for 185 countries through 2050 under alternate scenarios. It … the populations of the lower, middle, and upper income classes. The model also provides additional evidence for the TFP …

Is there a "middle-income trap"? Theory suggests that the determinants of growth at low and high income levels may be … different. If countries struggle to transition from growth strategies that are effective at low income levels to growth … strategies that are effective at high income levels, they may stagnate at some middle income level; this phenomenon can be …

growth differed among the middle income trap (MIT) and the graduated (non-middle income trap, NMIT) countries in the 1950 …